The Effects Of Groundwater Pollution On The World

Groundwater pollution is a prominent problem in most areas of the world. High nitrate concentrations have been identified as one of the main culprits of groundwater pollution. Agriculture is a primary anthropogenic source involved in the spreading and distribution of nitrates in rural areas. China is considered one of the largest in terms of agricultural production. As the population of China increased over time, the recycling of plant nutrients could no longer renew the loss of nutrients from harvesting. The famine between 1960 and 1970 caused radical changes when it came to policies about population control and large efforts were made to increase agricultural yields. This was encouraged by increasing the application rate of chemical fertilizers, especially ones that were nitrogen based (Emteryd, Lu and Nykyist, 1998). However, higher irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer inputs results in decreased water and nitrogen use efficiency (Hu, Li, and Chen, 2010). Currently China is the lea ding producer of rice, wheat onion cabbage and the second largest producer of corn (See Appendix). Presently the average annual nitrogen fertilizer application is 200 kg N/ha in China (Zhang, Xu, XIaomin, Dong and Ballantine, 2013). As a result of this, China unsurprisingly suffers from large amounts of nitrate pollution in its groundwater, especially in northern China. The main focus of this paper will therefore be on the North China Plain and the provinces surrounding the Yangtze River asShow MoreRelatedSimulation Of Modeling And Distributed Simulation1392 Words   |  6 PagesSimulation on monitoring Environmental Pollution - Harini Ramasahayam Introduction Environment is the surrounding or the biosphere of the earth that consists of air, water and land in which humans, plants and animals live. Environmental pollution is defined as the presence of pollutants or impure substances in the environment that causes adverse effects and contaminate it. 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The effects would be catastrophic but one major issue that most americans don t realize and have been spoiled to never being without is Clean Water. Water is a major concern all around the world but here in america we have rarely experienced any type of serious water shortages. Just because america has never had any problem suchRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On Water Storage Systems995 Words   |  4 Pagesdroughts are climate change, overuse of groundwater resources and the issues of water storage systems. Firstly, Human is cause climate changing and also contributed to raising temperatures and dryness in the all world, especially made extreme drought in California. Global warming caused effects to weather variations and dramatically amount of rain and snowfall in California. With no winter snowpack to recharge its rivers and little rain to replenish groundwater that helps irrigate crops. For example

The Ethics Of The Bell Corruption Scandal - 937 Words

In my opinion, there were several factors that lead to the Bell corruption scandal. First and foremost, there seemed to be no checks and balances to control Robert Rizzo and other city officials. Furthermore, they gradually eliminated any controls that were place were, eventually earning absolute control (Goffard, 2010, para. 46-47). This behavior extended to individuals as Rizzo built a city staff that would go along with his corruption (para. 39). However, I do think Rizzo influenced the unethical conduct of city officials. Just as Former HP CEO Carly Fiorina (2007) points out in the video Gauging Ethics in an Organization, leaders have to walk the walk when it comes to values. Prince (1995) highlights this principle as well, â€Å"the leader can influence the moral conduct of others by demonstrating the desired behavior† (p. 491). Indeed, the leader sets the tone. The city officials experienced a similar situation as the managers of H. J. Heinz during the 1970s. 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Ventria Bioscience free essay sample

Bioscience and the Controversy over Plant-Made Medicines In this paper I am writing on the Ventria Bioscience and the Controversy over Plant-Made Medicines Case. Ventria Bioscience is a company that is trying to commercialize pharmaceuticals made from genetically modified plants. While Ventria is gaining opposition from regulators, activist, and environmentalist; they could succeed if they use their relevant stakeholders and specific strategies, information, financial incentive, constituency building, to influence regulators. There are many groups that have a stake in Ventria’s action. There are some stakeholders that hold a lower salience such as, the environmentalist, consumer advocates, and food-safety activist. Which are, Friends of the Earth, and Environmental of California. As far as market stakeholders involved with Ventria, you have the rice industry, including rice farmers and producers. These groups are apart of the market in which Ventria wants to enter into. Rice farmers can be a family owned business, whereas, rice mills tend to be owned by larger organizations such as: Agribusiness giants, ADM, Far West Rice, Pacific International, and Sun West. The public is a market because they are going to be customers for Ventria’s product. However, there are most prominent stakeholders that each have a specific interest and source of power. Beginning with non-market, Ventria has a lot of regulations to abide by; for example, the FDA, EPA, and USDA regulation. Ventria needs all three of these regulatory approvals if they even want their business to evolve. The FDA is responsible for the safety and effectiveness of food and medicines. The EPA is responsible for the environmental safety of food crops that are genetically engineered. As for the USDA, they have oversight of genetically modified crops that are being tested in fields. Given that Ventria wants to grow their crops in California, they have to be aware of the CRC, California Rice Commission. The CRC is appointed under the Rice Certification Act to review any varieties of rice, to ensure the production and milling of rice is done with a public interest. These stakeholders are standing in the way of Ventria’s attempt to solve malnutrition. For the market stakeholders it begins with Scott Deeter, president and CEO of Ventria Bioscience, he built the company, analyzing proteins and coming up with ideas. Then you have Dr. Raymond Rodriguez, he is a molecular biologist that founded Ventria Bioscience. He approached Dr. William Rutter, founder and chairmen of the biotechnology firm Chiron, to become an investor in the company. As the company progressed, Dr. Rodriguez built a board of directors of biotech leaders and seasoned entrepreneurs. This included Dr. William Rutter and Dr. Pablo Venezuela. William H. Rutter, an attorney and venture capitalist. Ron Vogal, and bio-entrepreneur Dr. Robert Crea. Later recruited to the board were Thomas N. Urban, Melvin Booth, and David Dwayer. Together these board members and their organizations provide 85 percent of financing for the company. If these relevant stakeholders were to have a dialogue, many opinions on how to reestablish the company’s protocol would be said. Specifically, strategies how to get pass the regulation issues and gain the approval of different advocates. They will need to figure out a way to address their potential risk. Environmental and consumer groups feel as though Ventria will contaminate other rice crops. If GM crops were to contaminate other crops, California will be at risk of losing Japanese exports. They would have to talk to their research and development team to deal with the risk, and where money should be spent in doing so. The board of directors may come up with the option of growing the crop in another country opposed to California. This would be a good way to ensure non-contamination, and eliminate the risk of â€Å"super weeds† being produced in California. It will also eliminate the regulation from the CRC. This could gain activist and environmentalist approval, since those were their main arguments. Another opinion may come up to write an appeal to congress. Explaining to them how they can reduce harm in countries, from the benefits of their pharmaceutical. This would put pressure on congress or even regulators to change their mind. Like the Tobacco case, regulators intervened to help the citizens. Regulators are doing this to Ventria to protect citizens from possible health issues and the environment from harm. If Ventria wants to influence relevant regulators they can go about it in three different ways. However, I feel two of the three strategies will benefit the company most. They can do an information strategy. Ventria can provide the government and policy makers with information to influence their actions. They could hire a lobbyist that would be aware of the regulations and developments that may affect the company. This representative would communicate and persuade an organizations support as they consider a particular regulation. For example, Ventria could explain their case to the CRC. They would provide information explaining their objective and express the benefits that can come from their product. If the CRC is aware that this medicine can help with malnutrition, dehydration, and diarrhea they would understand the benefits. These factors could help a lot of countries that suffer from hunger. Ventria can also have some of their CEO’s give a testimony to regulators and organizations. Given that all of them have been involved with biotechnology to some degree, they will be able to provide a great amount of facts. They can provide data to educate and influence regulators to better understand their objective. Ventria can also promote a Constituency-Building strategy. They will seek support from organizations or people who are also affected by the public policy. Reading the Coca-Cola case, citizens of India felt as though Coke had money so they could do what they want. Coca-Cola became aware that they needed to create sustainable communities or consumers wont use their product. Ventria needs to enhance groups to meet their objectives. They need to reach out to them and clarify the safety of their project and the benefits from it. This will gain their support, thus allowing Ventria to have a greater influence on regulators once they see the approval of many groups.